Author: Sasha Kalcheff-Korn

What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome? 

 

The U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) defines Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) as a lifelong hormonal and metabolic imbalance. This condition affects approximately 5-15% of people with ovaries, after the onset of puberty and persisting beyond menopause (Walker et al., 2019). Most people diagnosed with PCOS experience menstrual cycle irregularities, abnormally high levels of androgen hormones and ovarian cysts. The risk of developing PCOS is higher for people that are obese, and for those with a family history of the PCOS (HHS, 2017). 

 

People often go undiagnosed until they experience infertility. Most symptoms are complex issues that need a variety of different treatments. People with the ability to become pregnant that desire to do so, should disclose that information to their health care provider in order to develop the most suitable treatment plan, and avoid anything that may contribute to infertility or cause harm. PCOS presents with a multitude of signs and symptoms, some of these may include (Walker et al., 2019): 

 

• Ovarian cysts 
• Infertility 

○ PCOS is the leading cause of infertility 

○ It is still possible to become pregnant with PCOS 

• Metabolism syndromes 
• Abnormally heavy periods 
• Amenorrhea (no menstrual periods) 
• Oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods) 
• Anovulation (absence of ovulation, bleeding may still occur) 
• Obesity, weight gain, and/or difficulty losing weight 
• Hirsutism (excess hair typically on the face, chest, belly, and upper thighs)
• Pelvic pain, ranging from tolerable to debilitating 
• Severe and persistent acne 
• Excessively oily skin 
• Inflammation 

 

Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and HHS claim that people who have PCOS are at an increased risk for: 

 

• Stroke 
• Miscarriage 
• Insomnia 
• Gestational and Type 2 Diabetes 
• Cardiovascular Disease 
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea 
• Endometrial hyperplasia 
• Endometrial cancer 
• Thinned scalp hair and baldness 
• Mood disorders including depression and anxiety 

 

The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) and Hormones in PCOS

Research suggests that the endocannabinoid system of someone with PCOS may be dysfunctional (DiBlasio, 2013). The endocannabinoid system regulates homeostasis and is involved in regulating appetite, food intake, and glucose metabolism. The ECS can affect ovarian function by modulation of pathways involved in homeostasis and metabolic regulation (Juan et al., 2015). 

 

Obesity is associated with menstrual irregularities, including oligomenorrhea and anovulation, and infertility (Juan et al., 2015). Many people with PCOS also suffer from insulin resistance, causing increased androgen production, increased appetite, and acanthosis nigricans, a condition that presents thickened and darkened patches of skin in certain areas especially in any folds or creases (HHS, 2017). The ECS may influence insulin resistance and obesity (Walker et al., 2019). Limited data from research using animal models suggests a relationship exists between obesity and the dysregulation of the main endocannabinoids produced by the body, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (Maccarrone, 2005). 

 

Many of the most common PCOS symptoms are due to increased androgen and low estrogen hormone levels. An excess of androgens may lead to cyst formation in ovarian follicles, increased hair growth and acne on the face and body, and may even interfere with brain signals that initiate ovulation. It should be noted that not every person with PCOS develops ovarian cysts (Walker et al., 2019). 

 

Data from a PCOS and ECS centered study using non obese participants suggests the menstrual cycle’s proliferative and secretory phases show a significant reduction of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) levels in the endometrium of infertile participants with PCOS, compared to infertile participants without PCOS (Cui et al., 2016). FAAH is an integral enzyme involved in metabolism of endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG. The absence of these catabolic reactions involved in degradation, suggest that high levels of AEA may be indicative of PCOS (Cui et al., 2016). Lack of endocannabinoid degradation causes high endocannabinoid levels and insulin resistance, often causing hepatic stress and injury (Luschnig, 2019). A study using non obese participants with PCOS found that a combined treatment of antiandrogens, antiestrogens and an oral hypoglycemic, significantly reduces high AEA levels (Cui et al., 2016). 

 

The cause of PCOS is unknown but science suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease. Dysregulation of the ECS is also involved (Luschnig, 2019). PCOS is incurable but some options for treatment may include cannabinoid therapy by balancing the ECS to provide relief from pain and inflammation. Additionally, lifestyle changes including weight loss, oral contraceptives, insulin sensitizing agents, antiandrogens, hair removal and acne treatment may be incorporated. 

 

As always, we recommend speaking with a licensed medical professional before starting a new cannabis regime. To learn more about the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, please reach out to a member of the Realm of Caring team! 

 

By: Jazmin Oliver / Cannabis Science Consultants

 

References 

1. U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Jan 2017. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pcos.
2. Centers for Disease Control. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes. March 2020. PCOS CDC.
3. Cui, N. et al. Decreased Expression of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology. Sept 2016. Doi: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1269742.
4. Cui, N. et al. Restored Plasma Anandamide and Endometrial Expression of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by the Combination Use of Diane-35 and Metformin. Clinical Therapeutics. April 2017. Doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.02.007. 
5. DiBlasio, A. et al. The Endocannabinoid Pathway and the Female Reproductive Organs. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. Feb 2013. doi: 10.1530/JME-12-0182.
6. Duma, M. Is Cannabis a Natural PCOS Treatment? We Asked an Expert. Sept 2018. Leafly.
7. Juan, C. et al. Endocannabinoid System Activation may be Associated with Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and Sterility. July 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.027.
8. Luschnig, P. et al. Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases. Journal of Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids. May 2019. doi: 10.1159/000499164.
9. Maccarrone, M. et al. Up-regulation of the Endocannabinoid System in the Uterus of Leptin Knockout (ob/ob) Mice and Implications for Fertility. Molecular Human Reproduction. January 2005. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gah130
10. Walker, O. et al. The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Female Reproductive Tissues. Journal of Ovarian Research. Jan 2019. doi: 10.1186/s13048-018-0478-9.

 

 

The link between cannabis use and the development of a psychotic disorder is a controversial topic and often misrepresented in research. While there is consideration among the medical community of a causal relationship between exposure to chronic cannabis and the development of psychosis, there is also a frequent co-occurrence between serious mental illnesses and cannabis use. Therefore, it is difficult to determine if there is a definitive cause and effect. 

 

What we are aware of is that there is a resemblance between euphoria as both a byproduct of psychosis and from consuming cannabis that has high concentrations of specific intoxicating cannabinoids.

 

Euphoria and Psychosis

 

Euphoria can be described as a heightened, exaggerated, or extremely positive sense of happiness or well-being. This experience has been witnessed among those who suffer from psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar depression. In this context, euphoria may coexist with additional symptoms such as restlessness, hallucinations, confusion, paranoia, disorientation, and/or mood swings. 

 

THC and Euphoria

 

Cannabis has several mechanisms of action within the body. When the cannabis consumed contains high amounts of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), it has been shown to produce euphoric effects in some cannabis users (it is important to note that every individual may have a different experience). Additional psychotropic and somatic short-term side effects that have been experienced by cannabis users may include anxiety, perceptual changes, disorientation, nausea, and/or headache. These intense experiences when consuming large amounts of THC could be defined as acute psychosis. 

 

Research is still uncovering exactly what is happening while the euphoric effects take place. What we do know is that there is a high binding affinity of THC with the CB1 receptors that are densely present in the brain and appear to mediate changes in mood, consciousness, memory processing, and more.

 

It is worth noting that the effect THC may have on any one individual is both dose-dependent and the administration method should be considered. Inhaled cannabis versus oral consumption may produce very different effects. Once processed by the liver, there is potential for a more powerful experience. Our care team is available to you with free one on one support in determining a product, administration, and dose. 

 

THC and CBD use

 

Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to have anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects, therefore may offset some adverse effects of THC.

 

In addition to CBD’s researched benefits, there is a molecular mechanism by which CBD may block THC-related side effects. CBD has shown in animal models to block the role of a molecule in the brain’s hippocampus called extracellular-signal regulated kinase (EKR), which triggers the neuropsychiatric effects of THC. If THC cannot overstimulate the ERK pathway, then negative side-effects may be prevented. 

 

Vulnerable populations 

 

Severe or persistent psychotic reactions to THC are rare, dose-related, and are more likely to occur in individuals with a preexisting psychiatric condition. Self-reported studies have suggested that those with schizophrenia use cannabis to mitigate negative symptoms ranging from social anxiety to side-effects of antipsychotics. Those who are psychosis-prone may be more likely to experience positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms to a greater degree relative to healthy individuals. While it is hypothesized that this is due to cannabis’ effects on dopamine, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamatergic neurotransmission; the precise mechanism is yet to be discovered. 

 

How do I know if I am psychosis-prone?

 

Medical research points to genetics for determining if we may be prone to a psychotic disorder. Certain mental illnesses tend to run in families, however even if a close family member has a diagnosis, it does not necessarily mean you will develop one. There are resources in the cannabis community that may also help. For example, a DNA report may predict which individuals are most likely to develop schizophrenia; however, knowing if you have a specific gene variant does not mean you are destined to develop any one disease. What this testing does do, is allow you to make informed decisions for your health based on conditions you may have a predisposition to. 

 

Is there a confirmed link? 

 

The short answer is no. Despite some support through research for a causal hypothesis between cannabis use and psychosis, most individuals who use cannabis do not develop a psychiatric disorder and most individuals with a psychiatric disorder have never used cannabis. As it stands in research, the link between cannabis use and developing a psychiatric disorder is not confirmed. It is becoming more clear that cannabinoids may produce symptoms associated with psychosis in healthy individuals and possibly exacerbate symptoms in those diagnosed or with a predisposition to a psychiatric disorder. 

 

While struggling with any condition, it is important to talk with a medical professional about your options. Complementary therapies and a strong focus on wellness may improve cannabinoid therapy results as well as decrease symptoms further. If you would like to discuss more about the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, please reach out to our care team!

 

 

 

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Disclaimer

 

 The Realm of Caring Foundation specifically invokes the first amendment rights of freedom of speech and of the press without prejudice. These statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. The products discussed are not intended to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any disease. Realm of Caring always recommends when and wherever possible that licensed local healthcare professionals be consulted.

 

 The Realm of Caring Foundation is an independent nonprofit with its own governing board. We do not produce or sell cannabinoid products, nor do we receive funds from the sale of other company’s products.

 

Legislation that would finally get the FDA to regulate hemp extracts like CBD has been a topic of much debate within the cannabis industry. Failure to legally recognize and regulate the sale of CBD products has caused immense struggles for hemp farmers, small businesses, and consumers alike. This has caused a number of issues, from economic hardships for farmers, to quality control and a decline in hemp prices. The bill in question is H.R. 841, presently sitting with the U.S. House of Representatives.

 

What is House Bill H.R.841?

 

Introduced by Representative Kurt Schrader [D-OR] and Morgan Griffith (R-VA), house bill H.R. 841, The Hemp and Hemp-Derived CBD Consumer Protection and Market Stabilization Act, would allow “the use of hemp, cannabidiol (i.e., CBD) derived from hemp, or any other ingredient derived from hemp in a dietary supplement, provided that the supplement meets other applicable requirements.” Presently, the FDA does not allow CBD products to be sold as dietary supplements, and this bill would permit CBD to be marketed as such.

 

The Argument for CBD as a Dietary Supplement

 

Lawfully marketing hemp-derived CBD and other non-intoxicating hemp ingredients as a dietary supplement would bring a number of important benefits to the industry and consumers alike. With a wide range of powerful medical benefits, many people rely on CBD for its treatment options for a variety of ailments. Studies suggest CBD can benefit in the offset of anxiety and depression, treatment of epileptic seizures, reduce PTSD symptoms, aid irregular sleep patterns, and so much more. 

 

To pass, H.R. 841 would protect consumers by ensuring access to top quality CBD products. For years, hemp farmers have been faced with regulatory uncertainty, causing many issues for the manufacturing of CBD products. Economic hardship has caused some small businesses in the industry to cut corners, producing hemp products that are not suitable for market, and yet all the same are available for sale. 

 

Those who oppose H.R. 841 argue that it would cut short the FDA’s current efforts and create an unsafe CBD market. However, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Jonathan Miller, general counsel to the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, explains: 

 

“They’re arguing that if this bill passes that there would be unsafe CBD products in the marketplace. And it’s just the opposite. There are currently unsafe products in the marketplace because there is no regulation. And that’s why we so desperately need 841, which would provide for an existing regulatory regime for dietary supplements to govern the manufacture of CBD products.”

 

Strict quality control is extremely important in the cannabis industry. A variety of methods of consumption and rise in popularity leaves many opportunities for unsafe products to exist on the market, and so “a multitude of CBD products continue to be sold, some of which raise significant quality, safety and other consumer protection concerns” (U.S. Hemp Roundtable). While consumers can make choices to protect themselves at the time of purchase, there is a lack of widespread knowledge to these options. It is up to the manufacturers to to produce quality products. The Hemp and Hemp-Derived CBD Consumer Protection and Market Stabilization Act would ensure exactly that is happening, giving the FDA more tools to oversee the market bringing greater confidence to CBD products available to consumers.

 

Not only that, but H.R. 841 would help to stabilize the hemp markets, bringing profitability to a hurting industry. Most leading companies are struggling with growth and profitability, as a skyrocketing hemp supply depressed prices. Many hemp advocates believe these hardships to be a direct result of the FDA not allowing the sale of CBD as a food product or dietary supplement. This prevents many brands from selling CBD products, creating both a production and profit decline. Without a demand, prices crash, and thus the industry needs H.R. 841 to pass.

 

We’re All in This Together

 

Unfortunately, while the CBD industry is in favor of H.R. 841, many in the cannabis industry oppose it. It is crucial that this not become a CBD vs. THC issue, and rather is understood as patients vs. ongoing government restrictions. 

 

The 2018 Farm Bill was passed with the intent to allow access to hemp in all 50 states. Hemp is defined as any cannabis plant, or derivative thereof, that contains not more than 0.3 percent delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) on a dry-weight basis. Prior to the enactment of this bill, the Controlled Substances Act did not differentiate between cannabis and hemp. However, in these past 4 years the two became their own respective industries. 

 

Despite being defined, CBD remains vulnerable to state regulations that may inhibit consumer access. Certain states are attempting to regulate hemp and cannabis together, rather than acknowledging they are two separate industries. Placing them in the same category may have damaging effects on those who have been using a quality hemp product as their medicine for years now. A hemp product that is in the supply chain could be easily removed if, for example, a THC potency cap was placed as a milligram per container in addition to the original 0.3% limit. The FDA regulating the products derived from hemp may provide and ensure access to all consumers – following through with the intentions of the 2018 Farm Bill. 

 

When it comes down to it, this is not a CBD vs THC industry issue. This is about the individuals who are using these therapies as their medicine and standing behind legislation that supports their access.

 

The time to take action is now! If you are a CBD consumer, know someone who benefits from its use, or are passionate about advocating for the consumption we urge you to support the H.R. 841 efforts. Our friends at the U.S. Hemp Roundtable have created an easy to use form so that you can write your Congressperson and either ask that they co-sponsor H.R. 841 or thank them for signing on. You can help further by encouraging your friends and family to fill out the form, and spread the word by sharing this educational blog across your social media channels.

As cannabis legislation continues to evolve, new consumers are entering the market daily. With cannabis consumption comes the question: what product do I use and what is the best way to consume it? While our care team is here to help you with product suggestions specific to your ailment, this blog is here to help you with cannabis devices for smoking. Quality is what we value – from the support you receive, to the product you use, to the device you administer your product with – we only want to recommend the best for you. 

 

This is why we have created this short resource guide for cannabis consumption and devices – because the quality of your product matters, so do the accessories for your cannabis. 

 

First let’s talk about consuming your cannabis. What is the best way? 

 

Cannabinoid therapy truly requires an individualized approach. How you choose to consume may be best determined by the ailment you are seeking relief from as there may be pros and cons to every method. 

 

If you choose to consume flower – where do you start on a device? At Realm of Caring, we value companies who also value education, transparency, excellent customer service, and overall quality. 

 

Not sure what a bubble cap is? No need to worry, CannaDevices has you covered. From handpipes to nectar straws, CannaDevices creates beautiful, safe, handmade glass devices and educates you. For example, they explain why it is important to understand where your product was manufactured. Imported glass may contain toxic chemicals and/or paint that mimics colored glass. As well, glass products may have “glass dust” left behind from where holes were drilled, this is potential residue you do not want to inhale. 

 

If you’re seeking a more simple, cost effective option look for ethically sourced and environmentally-friendly rolling papers. The Consumer put together a list of the healthiest paper alternatives that are clean and sustainable, meaning no bleaches or harmful additives. 

 

How do you store your cannabis? 

 

A dad concerned that his kiddos might find or get into his medicine asked the same question. This is why he created Stashlogix, cases and bags with smell proof technology. They serve responsible consumers looking for high quality thoughtful, secure, and discreet products. In addition to trapping and absorbing the odor of your cannabis, most products have an integrated 3-digit combination zipper lock and are shipped to you straight from Colorado.

 

How do you keep your cannabis devices clean? 

 

Leaff carries quality, elegant pieces to fit your lifestyle to speak to the uniqueness of each cannabis consumer. They also educate on best practices like how to keep your devices clean to increase the lifespan of your accessories. If you are going to invest in a tourmaline quartz pipe, you’ll want to make sure you can treasure it for years to come. 

 

Sanitary devices like the Moose Labs MouthPeace have also been devised to dramatically decrease the spread and amount of bacteria on your devices. Made from biodegradable and recycled materials, they also help to enhance your experience by removing resins, contaminants, and tar without reducing the airflow. 

 

If you are new to the cannabis space, it doesn’t have to be intimidating. Our care team is here to support you on your journey. Reach out by emailing info@realmofcaring.org or calling (719) 347-5400, option 1. 

 

Image courtesy of CannaDevices

Endometriosis is a severe and often debilitating chronic inflammatory condition. It affects approximately 10% of reproductive aged people (190 million) with a female
reproductive system on a global scale (World Health Organization, 2021). This condition is defined by endometrial glands, stroma, or other cells found growing outside of the uterus, in locations such as on the ovaries or on the pelvic peritoneum.

 

Endometriosis is characterized by pain (often severe), infertility, psychological distress and fatigue, dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps), dyschezia (constipation), dyspareunia (painful intercourse), dysuria (painful urination), and chronic non-menstrual pelvic pain. In addition, comorbidities often include bladder pain or irritable bowel syndrome.

 

Over 95% of cases with deep infiltrated endometriosis report suffering from extreme levels of pain. Furthermore, symptoms can begin as early as adolescence and have a negative impact on the developing brain.

 

Since a definitive diagnosis requires surgery, many go undiagnosed for some time after symptoms begin. With many variables and pathways involved, the exact cause of endometriosis is mostly unknown. The general belief is that a combination of hormonal, immunological, and neurological factors contribute to the disease’s development. There is no cure available today, only symptom management.

 

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the mechanisms involved in endometriosis development, disease maintenance and pain. The ECS is also involved in the immune response, and demonstrates antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects.

 

CB1 receptors are highly expressed in the uterus, whereas both CB1 and CB2 receptors are highly expressed in human oocytes. One of the main enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, Anandamide (AEA), is found in the fluids of the female reproductive tract and ovaries. AEA plays an important role in several key functions including folliculogenesis, preovulatory follicle maturation, oocyte maturation, and ovulation.

 

In terms of current scientific research regarding cannabis and endometriosis, there is a fair number of studies available with promising results. Currently, there are only two trials exploring the use of cannabinoids as a treatment for endometriosis pain, NCT03875261 and NCT04527003 (National Institute of Health, 2022).

 

The current therapeutic options available for endometriosis patients include diet changes, surgery, and pain relieving or anti-inflammatory medications. Unfortunately, these options are associated with severe unwanted side effects, high rates of recurrence and only seem to provide limited efficacy.

 

Cannabinoids are commonly used by chronic pain patients and many people with endometriosis are turning to cannabis for relief. Varied expression of cannabinoid receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids will affect how a person responds to treatment.

 

Cannabis has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option for those seeking a more natural treatment, with significantly less side effects than current pharmaceutical therapies. While the ECS has great potential to act as a promising target for treatment of endometriosis, it is important to note that the biphasic effects of the cannabinoid D9-THC may result in undesired outcomes. Lower concentrations of this cannabinoid may increase cancer cell proliferation, but at higher concentrations D9-THC has shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation. This presents as one of the biggest issues for people attempting to determine proper dosage from home.

 

As always, we recommend speaking with a licensed medical professional before starting a new cannabis regime. To learn more about the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, please reach out to our care team!

 

 

By: Jazmin Oliver / Cannabis Science Consultants

 

 

Citations 

 

1. Andrieu, T, Chicca, A. Pellegata, D., Bersinger, N., Imboden, S., Nirgianakis, K., Gertsch, J., Mueller, M. Association of endocannabinoids with pain in endometriosis, PAIN: January 2022 – Volume 163 – Issue 1 – p 193-203. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002333
2. Bouaziz J, Seidman DS, Soriano D. The Clinical Significance of Endocannabinoids in Endometriosis Pain Management. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017 Apr 1;2(1):72-80. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0035. 
3. Sanchez, P. Vigano, A. Mugione, P. Panina-Bordignon, M. Candiani. The molecular connections between the cannabinoid system and endometriosis, Molecular Human Reproduction, Volume 18, Issue 12, December 2012, Pages 563–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gas037

4. Saunders P., Horne A., Endometriosis: Etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects, Cell, Volume 184, Issue 11, 2021, Pages 2807-2824, ISSN 0092-8674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.041. 
5. https://clinicaltrials.gov
6. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis

 

 

Disclaimer

 

The Realm of Caring Foundation specifically invokes the first amendment rights of freedom of speech and of the press without prejudice. These statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. The products discussed are not intended to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any disease. Realm of Caring always recommends when and wherever possible that licensed local healthcare professionals be consulted.

 

The Realm of Caring Foundation is an independent nonprofit with its own governing board. We do not produce or sell cannabinoid products, nor do we receive funds from the sale of company’s products we support.

“Picture a room with 1,000 TVs with each TV showing something different. Now try and concentrate on just one TV without getting distracted.”  –Damian DaViking Aird

 

 

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent neuro-developmental disorder among children and often continues into adolescence and adulthood. It’s most often characterized by an inability to sit still, properly manage behavior, and difficulty focusing. Presently, there are a number of medications prescribed to help better manage symptoms of the disorder, with those searching for alternative options looking to cannabis for relief. 

 

Many adults with ADHD choose to self-treat with cannabis, claiming that it helps some of their more severe symptoms (e.g., agitation, irritability, lack of control) while also carrying fewer side effects to prescription medications. 

 

Can Cannabis Help With ADHD?

 

The current research available gives somewhat of a mixed answer to whether or not cannabinoid therapy can be used as an alternative therapy for ADHD, although there are reports in favor of the plant medicine. 

 

• One study of 59 patients revealed that high doses of cannabinol (CBN) was associated with lower self-reported ADHD symptoms as well as an ADHD medication reduction.
• Another larger study of 1,700 students found that cannabis had beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity), and improved medication side effects (e.g., irritability, anxiety)
• A 2019 study comparing THC:CBD to a placebo found that there were no significant effects on ADHD symptoms
• A 2020 study of 112 adult ADHD patients reported those who took higher doses of cannabinoid therapies, like CBD, took fewer traditional medications for ADHD
• Three adult patients reported substantial benefits to treating ADHD with cannabis. Quality of life improved, attentiveness scores rose up to 30%, depression improved by up to 81%, and they were able to obtain or excel at a new job with more responsibility. 

 

Why Do People Seek Alternative Therapies for ADHD?

 

Traditional treatments for ADHD can include stimulants such as Adderall and Ritalin, which can produce unwanted side effects. Common side effects include trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, and increased heart rates. In fact, 21% of parents surveyed reported discontinuing the use of ADHD medication for their children due to psychological side effects. Using these prescription stimulants can also lead to substance abuse or dependence. 

 

In addition to prescription medication, doctors often recommend behavioral therapy, either as its own treatment or in conjunction with medication. Behavioral therapy may be limited in desired results, as it offers no solution to symptoms, but rather a set of skills to manage ADHD more easily. 

 

Cannabis Compounds and Terpenes

 

The levels of THC and CBD in varying strains of cannabis plants have differing effects on the brain and body. Ongoing research suggests that CBD may alleviate anxiety, promote better sleep, and improve overall quality of life. Most research in favor of treating ADHD symptoms with cannabis emphasizes the benefits of CBD rich products. This means high CBD low THC ratio options and whole-plant cannabis (containing a range of cannabinoids and terpenes) may provide relief.

 

Currently, a clinical trial on how CBD-rich oil given to adults orally will affect the symptoms of ADHD disorder is underway. The objectives of the study are listed as follows: 

• to characterize the effects of treatment with cannabis oil on symptoms of ADHD
• to compare safety and efficacy of cannabis oil products with different CBD, Cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerol (CBG) and THC ratio;
• to measure endocannabinoids, THC and CBD and metabolites levels in the blood of the participants

 

Research trials like these provide the necessary opportunity to pair hard data with what appears to be promising possibilities for treating ADHD symptoms. In the meantime, we recommend speaking with a medical professional before starting new treatment options such as described above. If you would like to discuss more about the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, please reach out to our care team!

 

The cannabis industry is a growing industry and the fastest growing in the United States. Cannabis sales are expected to reach $99 billion in 2022 and projected to reach upwards of $155 billion in 2026. As more and more states pass legislation to legalize cannabis, there is an abundance of cannabis products on the market. The scale of cannabis grows requires more resources, bringing up environmental and societal impacts to be considered in the process.

 

The Environmental Impact of the Cannabis Industry

 

To put into perspective the impacts the cannabis industry can have on the environment, the city of Denver reported in 2018 that nearly 4% of the city’s total electricity usage was a result of cannabis production. A study published in Nature Sustainability estimated that 1.3% of Colorado’s total greenhouse gas emissions were generated by indoor cannabis growing operations. Presently, Denver is seeing a 45% increase in energy electricity demand specifically related to cannabis cultivation.

 

To compare this to other popular industries, cannabis has the highest footprint per unit as opposed to one serving of beer, wine, or cigarettes. The Journal of Cannabis Research reported that cannabis plants use around twice as much water as maize, soybeans, wheat and wine grapes. 

 

“Indoor cannabis cultivation requires a jaw-dropping amount of energy. It’s an antiquated remnant from prohibition that is neither financially nor environmentally sustainable.” – Amy Zents, Director of Cultivation for Progressive Plant Research

 

Currently, the biggest challenges the cannabis industry faces are the energy efficiency, waste management, and water usage required to grow plants. It is projected that by 2025, the cannabis industry will see an 86% rise in water use. The cultivation output is attempting to keep up with the growing demand for cannabis, as it is used both medicinally and recreationally, while simultaneously needing to minimize the impact of resources used. With the cannabis industry still being considered in its infancy, this is an important time for pacemakers to begin to educate and ingrain best practices in their cannabis operations. 

 

Creating a Sustainable Future for Cannabis

 

Through the use of data and science backed technology, the cannabis industry has a hope for a sustainable future. Sustainability will need to be a priority in every part of the industry, from production to packaging to the supply chain. Understanding the amount of resources used to make a cannabis product will vary from business to business, and so it falls in the hands of the establishments to measure and report on their metrics. 

 

Unfortunately, with many small businesses in their early stages, their priorities are often focused on getting the operation up and running, as opposed to understanding the challenges of environmental impact or the opportunities available in sustainable grows. When comparing indoor cultivation to greenhouse growing sites, there are both economic and environmental benefits to the latter. The numbers don’t lie, and greenhouses or hybrid growing sites can require 134 kilowatt hours per square foot, versus 262 for indoor cultivation. 

 

Along with education and acquiring production data metrics, there are a number of ways to achieve a more sustainable cannabis industry. 

 

To start, cultivators should focus on optimizing their energy use. This can be done by upgrading equipment, something that ends up being cost efficient over time, or analyzing performance numbers to see where there is room for improvement in an operation. Identifying trends in business metrics allows for opportunities to improve on energy efficiency. 

 

Understanding and utilizing the technological innovations available is another circumstance for sustainable improvements. Companies often market products that can lower costs and enhance production, for example LED lighting systems with sensors and in depth control options to better regulate grows or switching to solar panels on-site. Technology like this is becoming more and more available, and cultivators are waking up to the realization that these assets can help them not only yield more product but also reduce their energy costs.

 

“Through the use of energy-efficient equipment, integrated controls, and system automation, along with strategic energy management and data analysis, we have reduced our total energy use by over 50%.” – Shawn Cogan, Facilities Director for Progressive Plant Research

 

Energy and water usage aren’t the only sustainability issues cannabis and hemp farmers need to consider. Waste management also poses a huge environmental threat. Chemical waste and pesticides used on crops end up seeping into waterways, causing serious harm. Leveraging an understanding of the plant’s biology data during plant selection can improve agronomic traits, including lower risk of pests, thus resulting in less pesticides needed. Another best practice is to really research the nutrients used for cannabis cultivation. Product knowledge is an important step in ensuring the safest and most sustainable options are used in the production process. 

 

In order to see a truly sustainable future in cannabis, it will require an industry wide effort. Widespread shared ideology on the importance of these practices (energy efficiency, waste reduction, utilizing technologies, etc.) and an implementation of said solutions is the key to success.

 

How Consumers Can Help

 

As a consumer, you can speak with your dollar by shopping from brand’s that prioritize environmental concerns in their cannabis operation. Many businesses market themselves as sustainable and organic, and in some occasions may be greenwashing, so doing your due diligence to confirm these statements are true can help ensure you are purchasing from a brand you can trust. 

 

At Realm of Caring we have a list of Supported Brands on our website. These products have passed our strict quality control guidelines and it is with confidence that we recommend them to you.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a debilitating, long-term illness causing severe fatigue and sleep problems. While it is most commonly found in individuals between ages 40 and 60 years old, anyone can be affected by CFS. It is estimated that around 90 percent of people with CFS have not been diagnosed. While there is no cure, symptoms may be treated or managed.

 

Symptoms of CFS include:

 

Post-exertional Malaise (PEM)

Sleep disorders

Pain

Depression, stress, and/or anxiety

Memory and concentration difficulties

 

There is a fair amount of research on how cannabinoid therapy may alleviate these symptoms and more, including results from data collected in Realm of Caring’s Observational Research Registry (ORR). Our research has shown that Cannabis Users reported lower baseline depression, significantly better past-month sleep quality, a higher overall quality of life, and lower past-month average pain compared to Controls. Here we will take a closer look at the aforementioned symptoms and how cannabinoid therapy may benefit. 

 

Post-exertional Malaise (PEM)

 

It is recommended by the medical community to find individual limits for mental and physical activity, if you suffer from CFS. The worsening of CFS symptoms may lead to what is called Post-exertional Malaise (PEM), where physical, mental, or emotional exertion could exaggerate symptoms and cause them to last for days or even weeks. One way to find individual limits that is recommended, is by journaling. This is also a welcome practice with cannabinoid therapy; as it is not a one size fits all approach. If you choose to take this journey it is recommended that you journal symptoms, products you are using, how much you are taking, and how you are feeling overall. Our care specialists are here to walk you through this process as well. 

 

Sleep disorders

 

Common sleep complaints from sufferers of CFS include difficulty falling or staying asleep, extreme sleepiness, vivid dreaming, restless leg syndrome, and muscle spasms. Certain cannabinoids have shown through studies the ability to benefit our sleep-wake cycles, decrease nightmares, lessen the conditions that interfere with our sleep, and assist in actually falling asleep. 

 

Among the several researched properties, cannabidiol (CBD) may benefit as an anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. The anxiolytic properties of CBD may help to improve sleep by mitigating anxiety or stress-induced insomnia as well as limiting muscle tension anxiety that can lead to spasms or restless legs. Stress induces a sleep-related feature known as rapid eye movement (or REM) sleep rebound. This is an increase in REM sleep during the nightly sleep cycles. People experiencing REM sleep rebound may spend more time in REM than they would during a night of normal, healthy sleep. Studies show that therapeutic levels of CBD administration may increase total sleep time and decrease frequency of arousals at night – leading to an increase in total percentage of sleep overtime. 

 

Pain

 

People living with CFS, often mention the joints and muscles being areas of the highest pain. They may also suffer from pressure headaches. Cannabis use for pain can be traced back thousands of years. In 2900 B.C. ancient Chinese texts show written records of cannabis as a medicine. More recently, data from clinical trials on synthetic and plant-derived cannabis-based medicines have suggested that they are a promising approach for the management of chronic pain of various origins. Pain is produced by pro-inflammatory agents that also lead to an increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain, or hyperalgesia. The anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids are becoming more well known through increased research to combat pain induced by inflammation.

 

Cannabinoids that may perform best as potent anti-inflammatory agents are CBD, Tetrahydrocannabonolic acid (THCa), Cannabidiolic acid (CBDa), and THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin). Therapy to include these cannabinoids may help to ease the inflammation on the surrounding tissue of the joints, as well as muscles to decrease tension, soreness, and pain. 

 

Depression, stress, and/or anxiety

 

CBD works as a modulator to our physiological processes. This includes how effectively our body may facilitate the serotonin it creates, allowing more of that “happy chemical” to be made available for our brains and, therefore, regulating our moods. Just as it helps to move serotonin along, CBD may also help with the functioning of GABA, the neurotransmitter that regulates our nerve signals; therefore aiding in the reduction of our anxiety, panic, and stress response.

 

Data show that repeated administration of CBD may produce effects consistent with results from studies that test traditional anti-anxiety and antidepressant medications. These are known as clinically relevant findings because CBD is known to benefit while exhibiting few side effects, supporting the initiation of clinical trials testing the efficacy of CBD-based compounds for the treatment of mood disorders. 

 

Memory and concentration difficulties

 

Prolonged CBD therapy has shown positive improvements in psychological symptoms and cognition. Currently, using cannabinoids to benefit neurological issues and serve as a neuroprotectant is being studied. The antioxidant properties of cannabinoids, such as CBD, may have the ability to provide neuroprotection. As well, research is showing that elevation of cannabinoid receptor activity could potentially slow down the progression of brain aging and alleviate symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders, therefore cannabinoids with the ability to activate receptors may provide these additional benefits. 

 

While struggling with a condition as debilitating as CFS, it is important to talk with a medical professional about your options. Complementary therapies and a strong focus on wellness may improve cannabinoid therapy results as well as decrease symptoms further. If you would like to discuss more about the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, please reach out to our care team!

 

 

Disclaimer

 

The Realm of Caring Foundation specifically invokes the first amendment rights of freedom of speech and of the press without prejudice. These statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. The products discussed are not intended to diagnose, cure, prevent or treat any disease. Realm of Caring always recommends when and wherever possible that licensed local healthcare professionals be consulted.

 

The Realm of Caring Foundation is an independent nonprofit with its own governing board. We do not produce or sell cannabinoid products, nor do we receive funds from the sale of other company’s products.