Cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrated short-term neuroprotective effects in the immature brain following hypoxiaeischemia (HI). We examined whether CBD neuroprotection is sustained over a prolonged period. Newborn Wistar rats underwent HI injury (10% oxygen for 120 min after left carotid artery electrocoagulation) and then received vehicle (HV, n ¼ 22) or 1 mg/kg CBD (HC, n ¼ 23). Sham animals were similarly treated (SV, n ¼ 16 and SC, n ¼ 16). The extent of brain damage was determined by magnetic resonance imaging, histological evaluation (neuropathological score, 0e5), magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Western blotting. Several neurobehavioral tests (RotaRod, cylinder rear test[CRT],and novel object recognition[NOR]) were carried...