Highlights •The endocannabinoid system may play a dual role on the regulation of tumor generation and progression. •Administration of THC and other cannabinoids exert anticancer actions in animal models of cancer.   •THC and other cannabinoid receptor-ligands induce cancer cell death and inhibit tumor angiogenesis.   •Cannabinoids enhance the anticancer activity of other antineoplastic agents in animal models of cancer.   •Cannabinoids are currently being tested as anticancer agents in phase I/II clinical studies. Abstract   It is well-established that cannabinoids exert palliative effects on some cancer-associated symptoms. In addition evidences obtained during the last fifteen years support that these compounds can reduce tumor growth in...