Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract The effects of marijuana's major psychoactive cannabinoid, ∆9-tetrahydrocannibinol (∆9-THC), were examined on memory in female rats by training subjects to respond under a repeated acquisition and delayed-performance procedure. During this task, subjects acquired a different 4-response sequence each session, which was then recalled after a delay. Sequence retention was tested following various delays, and quantified by a percent savings measure. Response rate and percent errors were also recorded. Subsequent to training, subjects underwent an ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (intact). The OVX group then underwent implantation of subcutaneous 17β-estradiol capsules while the intact group received chronic administration of 1 mg/kg of the estrogen receptor modifier, tamoxifen....

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Introduction Cannabinoids possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and osteogenic effects in different cell types and tissues. The null hypothesis is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) might induce dental tissue repair and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of THC on human dental pulp cell (HDPC) viability and biomineralization as well as the molecular mechanism of THC-induced odonto/osteogenic differentiation of HDPCs. Methods The toxicity of THC on HDPCs was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation marker genes of HDPCs were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with or without THC treatment. HDPC biomineralization was examined by collagen synthesis and calcium nodule deposition. The molecular mechanism of THC on HDPCs...

Abstract Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and other phytocannabinoids have been previously demonstrated to possess neuroprotective effects in murine mesencephalic cell culture models of Parkinson’s disease, in which increased levels of superoxide radicals led to the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In these models, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol did not scavenge these radicals but displayed antioxidative capacity by increasing glutathione levels. Based on these findings, in the present study, we investigated whether the neuroprotective effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol can also be detected in FeSO4- and H2O2-stressed cells. Mesencephalic cultures were concomitantly treated with FeSO4 (350 μM) or H2O2 (150 μM) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μM) on the 12th days in vitro for 48 h. On the 14th DIV, dopaminergic neurons...

Abstract Objective: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease that occurs as a result of impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose. Researchers emphasize that oxidative stress prevention and improvement strategies are important in the general treatment of T2D. It is reported that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a component of the cannabis plant, has positive effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the inhibitory effects of THC on oxidative damage of testis in type-2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Adult Spraque-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups. In the control group, physiological saline was given intraperitoneally. In the T2D model group (T2DM), streptozotocin (STZ)...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Our prior studies demonstrated that the rat hippocampal opioid system can undergo sex-specific adaptations to external stimuli that can influence opioid-associated learning processes. This opioid system extensively overlaps with the cannabinoid system. Moreover, acute administration of Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, can alter cognitive behaviors that involve the hippocampus. Here, we use light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods to examine the effects of acute THC (5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h) on mossy fiber Leu-Enkephalin (LEnk) levels and the distribution and phosphorylation levels of delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs, respectively) in CA3...

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, but there is still no available treatment. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent. Using THC in conventional high doses may have deleterious effects. Therefore, we propose to use an ultra-low dose of THC (ULD-THC). We previously published that a single injection of ULD-THC ameliorated cognitive functioning in several models of brain injuries as well as in naturally aging mice. Here, 5xFAD AD model mice received a single treatment of ULD-THC (0.002 mg/kg) after disease onset and were examined in two separate experiments for cognitive functions, neurotropic, and inflammatory factors in...

Abstract Background HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is commonly observed in persons living with HIV (PWH) and is characterized by cognitive deficits implicating disruptions of fronto-striatal neurocircuitry. Such circuitry is also susceptible to alteration by cannabis and other drugs of abuse. PWH use cannabis at much higher rates than the general population, thus prioritizing the characterization of any interactions between HIV and cannabinoids on cognitively relevant systems. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, the process by which the motor response to a startling stimulus is attenuated by perception of a preceding non-startling stimulus, is an operational assay of fronto-striatal circuit integrity that is translatable...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Central pain after stroke due to brainstem infarction is very rare. Treatment is difficult and specific guidelines are lacking. This is the report of a 61-year-old female patient who, after a posterolateral left medulla oblongata insult with incomplete Wallenberg syndrome, subsequently developed a burning and tingling pain in the contralateral leg and a burning and shooting pain in the ipsilateral face in trigeminal branches 1 and 2. More than 3 years of therapy with amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin and various grade II and III opioids was ineffective or showed intolerable side effects. The administration of tetrahydrocannabinol and...

Abstract Enhanced signaling of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system through inhibition of the catabolic enzymes monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has received increasing interest for development of candidate analgesics. This study compared effects of MAGL and FAAH inhibitors with effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) using a battery of pain-stimulated, pain-depressed, and pain-independent behaviors in male and female mice. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute lactic acid (IP acid) served as an acute visceral noxious stimulus to stimulate two behaviors (stretching, facial grimace) and depress two behaviors (rearing, nesting). Nesting and locomotion were also assessed in the absence of IP acid as pain-independent behaviors. THC...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging (70%). Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in AD are a major cause of burden to patients, caregivers, and society and are near-universal at some point in the AD course (97%). One of the most troubling NPS is agitation (Agit-AD), typified by a variety of problem behaviors including combativeness, yelling, pacing, lack of cooperation with care, insomnia, and restlessness. Neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to Agit-AD include brain atrophy, degradation of neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, disrupted circadian rhythms, comorbidities, and frailty. There is a great need for better interventions that target Agit-AD, which is a major source...