Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Objectives. To characterize the prevalence and reasons for the use of cannabis as a strategy to reduce the harms arising from other substances. Methods. We drew data about recent cannabis use and intentions from 3 prospective cohort studies of marginalized people who use drugs based in Vancouver, Canada, from June 2016 to May 2018. The primary outcome was “use of cannabis for harm reduction,” defined as using cannabis for substitution for licit or illicit substances such as heroin or other opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, or alcohol; treating withdrawal; or coming down off other drugs. Results. Approximately 1 in 4...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Venous leg ulcers are highly prevalent lower limb integumentary wounds that remain challenging to heal despite the use of evidence-based compression therapies. A multitude of adjuvant treatments has been studied but none have demonstrated enough efficacy to gain adoption into treatment guidelines. Global attention on Cannabis-Based Therapies is increasing and has been driven by quantum scientific advancements in the understanding of the endocannabinoid signalling system. Topical Cannabis-Based Medicines represent a novel treatment paradigm for venous leg ulcers in terms of promoting wound closure. Fourteen complex patients with sixteen recalcitrant leg ulcers were treated with Topical...

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction that does not resolve despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In preclinical models, cannabis restores BBB integrity. Methods We studied persons with HIV (PWH) and HIV-negative (HIV−) individuals who had used cannabis recently. We assessed 2 biomarkers of BBB permeability: the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum albumin ratio (CSAR) and CSF levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a receptor for uPA, a matrix-degrading proteolytic enzyme that disrupts the BBB. A composite index of the BBB markers was created using principal components...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Importance  Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are common among youths and young adults with mood disorders, but the association of CUD with self-harm, suicide, and overall mortality risk is poorly understood in this already vulnerable population. Objective  To examine associations of CUD with self-harm, suicide, and overall mortality risk in youths with mood disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants  A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using Ohio Medicaid claims data linked with death certificate data. The analysis included 204 780 youths (aged 10-24 years) with a diagnosis of mood disorders between July 1, 2010, and December 31,...

Abstract Buprenorphine is a partial μ-opioid agonist widely used for opioid maintenance therapy (OMT). It is mainly metabolized to pharmacologically active norbuprenorphine by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme 3A4. This may give rise to drug–drug interactions under combinations with inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. Cannabis is a potential inhibitor of CYP3A4, and there is a large degree of concomitant cannabis use among OMT patients. We performed a retrospective analysis on liver healthy OMT patients substituted with buprenorphine, either with (n = 15) or without (n = 17) concomitant use of cannabis. Patients with additional illicit drugs or medications affecting CYP3A were excluded. Measured blood concentrations of buprenorphine and...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background: Cannabis (marijuana) is the most widely used illicit drug in the USA, and consumption among adolescents is rising. Some animal studies show that adolescent exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol or synthetic cannabinoid receptor 1 agonists causes alterations in affect and cognition that can persist into adulthood. It is less clear, however, whether similar alterations result from exposure to cannabis via smoke inhalation, which remains the most frequent route of administration in humans. Aims: To begin to address these questions, a rat model was used to determine how cannabis smoke exposure during adolescence affects behavioral and...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background As trends in CUD treatment are understudied, we examined time trends in CUD treatment and perceived treatment need among people with CUD overall and by age group. Methods Data from the 2002–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health included 43,307 individuals who met past-year DSM-5-proxy CUD criteria. Last/current treatment for cannabis use (i.e., any or specialty CUD treatment) and perceived treatment need were regressed on survey year and age (12–17, 18–25, ≥26) using generalized linear spline models. Time-varying effect modification assessed the magnitude of age-treatment associations over time. Results Between 2002 and 2019, 6.1% of people with...

Abstract Objectives As the legal and cultural landscape surrounding cannabis use in the United States continues to evolve, more Americans are turning to cannabis to self-medicate a number of ailments, including migraines. The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of cannabis use and its associated relief among migraineurs. Design Participants were N = 589 adult cannabis users living in states with full legal access. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online survey assessing their cannabis use profiles, migraine experience, and self-reported relief from cannabis and non-cannabis treatments. Results 161 participants (27.3 %) reported experiencing migraines. 76.4 % of migraineurs (N = 123) endorsed using cannabis to...

Abstract Within the unavoidable variability of various origins in the characteristics of essential oils, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the distillation time on the chemical composition and biological activity of Cannabis sativa essential oils (EOs). The dry inflorescences came from Carmagnola, Kompolti, Futura 75, Gran Sasso Kush and Carmagnola Lemon varieties from Abruzzo region (Central Italy), the last two being new cultivar here described for the first time. EOs were collected at 2 h and 4 h of distillation; GC/MS technique was applied to characterize their volatile fraction. The EOs were evaluated for total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AOC)...

Abstract Background Knowledge of factors relating to patterns of cannabis use is important for informing drug policy. This study determined factors associated with recent and current cannabis use. In addition, we explored factors related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD)—defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders—among current users. Methods We analyzed data from Ireland’s 2010–11 and 2014–15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years or more, living in private households. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recent (last year) and current (last month) cannabis use compared to experiential use. Binary...