Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Cannabinoids produce both rewarding and aversive effects in humans and experimental animals. However, the mechanisms underlying these conflicting findings are unclear. Here we examined the potential involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors in cannabinoid action using transgenic CB1-knockout (CB1-KO) and CB2-knockout (CB2-KO) mice. We found that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) induced conditioned place preference at a low dose (1 mg/kg) in WT mice that was attenuated by deletion of the CB1 receptor. At 5 mg/kg, no subjective effects of Δ9-THC were detected in WT mice, but CB1-KO mice exhibited a trend towards place aversion and CB2-KO mice developed significant place preferences. This data suggests that activation of the CB1 receptor...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Marijuana is widely used among adolescents, particularly in those with mood and anxiety symptoms. Though inflammation is hypothesized to play a role in the development of mood disorders, it remains unclear how tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects cytokine levels. Previous studies report conflicting results on the relationship between marijuana use and inflammation in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether depressed adolescents who use THC would exhibit increased inflammation (indexed at baseline and in response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) compared to those who do not.

Abstract Cannabis is widely used for both recreational and medicinal purposes on a global scale. There is accumulating interest in the use of cannabis and its constituents for athletic recovery, and in some instances, performance. Amidst speculation of potential beneficial applications, the effects of cannabis and its two most abundant constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), remain largely un-investigated. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature describing the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD, on athletic performance and recovery. While investigations of whole cannabis and THC have generally shown either null or detrimental effects on exercise performance in strength...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background An innovative naturalistic at-home administration procedure was used to investigate sex differences in subjective drug effects and verbal memory errors after ad libitum use of high potency state legal market Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrate. Methods Regular concentrate users were randomly assigned to ad libitum administration of one of two cannabis concentrate products (70 % or 90 % THC) that they purchased from a dispensary. 65 participants (N = 34 men, N = 31 women) were assessed in a mobile pharmacology lab before, immediately after, and 1 -h after ad libitum concentrate use. Plasma cannabinoids (THC, 11-OH-THC, CBD), subjective drug effects, and verbal memory errors were assessed...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract The effects of marijuana's major psychoactive cannabinoid, ∆9-tetrahydrocannibinol (∆9-THC), were examined on memory in female rats by training subjects to respond under a repeated acquisition and delayed-performance procedure. During this task, subjects acquired a different 4-response sequence each session, which was then recalled after a delay. Sequence retention was tested following various delays, and quantified by a percent savings measure. Response rate and percent errors were also recorded. Subsequent to training, subjects underwent an ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (intact). The OVX group then underwent implantation of subcutaneous 17β-estradiol capsules while the intact group received chronic administration of 1 mg/kg of the estrogen receptor modifier, tamoxifen....

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Introduction Cannabinoids possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and osteogenic effects in different cell types and tissues. The null hypothesis is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) might induce dental tissue repair and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of THC on human dental pulp cell (HDPC) viability and biomineralization as well as the molecular mechanism of THC-induced odonto/osteogenic differentiation of HDPCs. Methods The toxicity of THC on HDPCs was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation marker genes of HDPCs were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with or without THC treatment. HDPC biomineralization was examined by collagen synthesis and calcium nodule deposition. The molecular mechanism of THC on HDPCs...

Abstract Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and other phytocannabinoids have been previously demonstrated to possess neuroprotective effects in murine mesencephalic cell culture models of Parkinson’s disease, in which increased levels of superoxide radicals led to the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In these models, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol did not scavenge these radicals but displayed antioxidative capacity by increasing glutathione levels. Based on these findings, in the present study, we investigated whether the neuroprotective effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol can also be detected in FeSO4- and H2O2-stressed cells. Mesencephalic cultures were concomitantly treated with FeSO4 (350 μM) or H2O2 (150 μM) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μM) on the 12th days in vitro for 48 h. On the 14th DIV, dopaminergic neurons...

Abstract Objective: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease that occurs as a result of impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose. Researchers emphasize that oxidative stress prevention and improvement strategies are important in the general treatment of T2D. It is reported that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a component of the cannabis plant, has positive effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the inhibitory effects of THC on oxidative damage of testis in type-2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Adult Spraque-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups. In the control group, physiological saline was given intraperitoneally. In the T2D model group (T2DM), streptozotocin (STZ)...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Our prior studies demonstrated that the rat hippocampal opioid system can undergo sex-specific adaptations to external stimuli that can influence opioid-associated learning processes. This opioid system extensively overlaps with the cannabinoid system. Moreover, acute administration of Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, can alter cognitive behaviors that involve the hippocampus. Here, we use light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods to examine the effects of acute THC (5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h) on mossy fiber Leu-Enkephalin (LEnk) levels and the distribution and phosphorylation levels of delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs, respectively) in CA3...

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, but there is still no available treatment. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent. Using THC in conventional high doses may have deleterious effects. Therefore, we propose to use an ultra-low dose of THC (ULD-THC). We previously published that a single injection of ULD-THC ameliorated cognitive functioning in several models of brain injuries as well as in naturally aging mice. Here, 5xFAD AD model mice received a single treatment of ULD-THC (0.002 mg/kg) after disease onset and were examined in two separate experiments for cognitive functions, neurotropic, and inflammatory factors in...