Abstract
Introduction:
Animal studies suggest that adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the intoxicating constituent of cannabis, causes lasting functional alterations in brain and other organs. Those studies often neglect the impact that age- and sex-dependent differences in the distribution and metabolism of the drug might exert on its pharmacological effects. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of Δ9-THC pharmacokinetics in adolescent and adult female mice, which identify significant dissimilarities in distribution and metabolism of Δ9-THC between females of these age groups.
Materials and Methods:
We administered Δ9-THC (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) to adolescent (37-day old) and young adult (70-day old) female mice and quantified Δ9-THC and its first-pass metabolites—11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (11-COOH-THC)—in plasma and brain tissue using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Results:
Maximal plasma concentrations of Δ9-THC were 8 times higher in adolescent than adult female mice. Conversely, brain concentrations and brain-to-plasma ratios were 25–50% higher in adults than adolescents. Concentrations of Δ9-THC metabolites were higher in plasma but lower in brain of adolescent compared to adult female mice.
Conclusions:
The results identify multiple age-dependent differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of Δ9-THC in female mice, which might influence the pharmacological response to the drug.