Abstract Investigation of the cannabinoid system in a vertebrate group phylogenetically distant from mammals might improve understanding of its physiological role. Thus, in the present study, the distribution of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been investigated in the brain of Xenopus laevis (anuran amphibians) by immunohistochemistry, using both light and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Immunostained neuronal perikarya and terminals were found in the olfactory bulb, dorsal and medial pallium, striatum, and amygdala. Varicosities and nerve terminals containing CB1-like immunoreactivity were also seen in the thalamus and hypothalamus. A number of stained cells were observed in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland. Positive nerve fibers...
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