Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background: Cannabis (marijuana) is the most widely used illicit drug in the USA, and consumption among adolescents is rising. Some animal studies show that adolescent exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol or synthetic cannabinoid receptor 1 agonists causes alterations in affect and cognition that can persist into adulthood. It is less clear, however, whether similar alterations result from exposure to cannabis via smoke inhalation, which remains the most frequent route of administration in humans. Aims: To begin to address these questions, a rat model was used to determine how cannabis smoke exposure during adolescence affects behavioral and...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background As trends in CUD treatment are understudied, we examined time trends in CUD treatment and perceived treatment need among people with CUD overall and by age group. Methods Data from the 2002–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health included 43,307 individuals who met past-year DSM-5-proxy CUD criteria. Last/current treatment for cannabis use (i.e., any or specialty CUD treatment) and perceived treatment need were regressed on survey year and age (12–17, 18–25, ≥26) using generalized linear spline models. Time-varying effect modification assessed the magnitude of age-treatment associations over time. Results Between 2002 and 2019, 6.1% of people with...

Abstract Objectives As the legal and cultural landscape surrounding cannabis use in the United States continues to evolve, more Americans are turning to cannabis to self-medicate a number of ailments, including migraines. The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of cannabis use and its associated relief among migraineurs. Design Participants were N = 589 adult cannabis users living in states with full legal access. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online survey assessing their cannabis use profiles, migraine experience, and self-reported relief from cannabis and non-cannabis treatments. Results 161 participants (27.3 %) reported experiencing migraines. 76.4 % of migraineurs (N = 123) endorsed using cannabis to...

Abstract Within the unavoidable variability of various origins in the characteristics of essential oils, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the distillation time on the chemical composition and biological activity of Cannabis sativa essential oils (EOs). The dry inflorescences came from Carmagnola, Kompolti, Futura 75, Gran Sasso Kush and Carmagnola Lemon varieties from Abruzzo region (Central Italy), the last two being new cultivar here described for the first time. EOs were collected at 2 h and 4 h of distillation; GC/MS technique was applied to characterize their volatile fraction. The EOs were evaluated for total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AOC)...

Abstract Background Knowledge of factors relating to patterns of cannabis use is important for informing drug policy. This study determined factors associated with recent and current cannabis use. In addition, we explored factors related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD)—defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders—among current users. Methods We analyzed data from Ireland’s 2010–11 and 2014–15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years or more, living in private households. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recent (last year) and current (last month) cannabis use compared to experiential use. Binary...

Abstract Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cross-sectional data assessing the effect of cannabis on cognitive functioning and intelligence show inconsistent results. We hypothesized that frequent and dependent cannabis use in youth would be associated with Intelligence Quotient (IQ) decline. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Embase, PubMed and PsychInfo from inception to 24 January 2020. We included studies with non-treatment seeking samples and pre- and post-exposure measures of IQ. We requested data from authors if summary data was not available from published work. We preregistered our review with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42019125624). We found seven cohort studies including 808...

Abstract Increasing numbers of patients are using cannabis before procedures that require anesthesia. This study set out to examine the impact of cannabis use on anesthetic agent requirements, associated cardiac and respiratory morbidity, and overall satisfaction levels in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This involved a retrospective review of patients undergoing EGD at a single center. Forty-seven, self-reported cannabis users were identified and 23 were successfully cross-matched with control participants for comparison purposes. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate differences in propofol administration between the 2 groups, and the McNemar test was used to test for differences in fentanyl and ketamine administration....

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and dosage-limited oxaliplatin-related toxicity. To date, there are no successful interventions for CIPN prevention or treatment. A therapeutic role for cannabis in diabetic and HIV-related peripheral neuropathy and a protective role in CIPN have been suggested. We examined the effect of cannabis on oncologic patients with CIPN. Methods: Medical records of 768 consecutive patients treated with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil-based combinations at a tertiary medical center from October 2015 to January 2018 were reviewed. Excluded patients were those with pre-existing neuropathy or patients who received fewer than two cycles of oxaliplatin treatment. CIPN grade, oxaliplatin cumulative...

Abstract Background: Cannabis is legal for recreational and medical use in Canada. Our aim was to explore family experiences using medical cannabis for children with severe conditions in the context of legalization. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews between April and July 2019. Participants were parents of children attending BC Children’s Hospital oncology or palliative care clinics, recruited through posters, emails or referral. Participants were included if they spoke English and their child used any type of cannabis for medical purposes. Interviews included open-ended questions about the child’s cannabis use. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed using qualitative description....

Abstract Background Prior research examining the relationship between cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity has generated conflicting findings, potentially due to biases in the self-reported measures used to assess physical activity. This study aimed to more precisely explore the relationship between cannabis use and sedentary behavior/physical activity using objective measures. Methods Data were obtained from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,092 participants (ages 20–59; 48.8% female) had accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants were classified as light, moderate, frequent, or non-current cannabis users depending on how often they used cannabis in the...