Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Cannabis use has historically been thought to cause amotivation, but the relationship between cannabis and apathy, anhedonia, and reward processing remains poorly characterised. In this systematic review, we evaluated whether cannabis exposure acutely and/or non-acutely was associated with altered reward processing using questionnaire, behavioural, or functional neuroimaging measures. Questionnaire studies demonstrated greater anhedonia in adolescent cannabis users, and some indication of greater apathy in young adult cannabis users. Behavioural studies yielded some evidence of reduced reward learning in adolescent cannabis users, though there were too few studies in this category for reliable conclusions. Finally, longitudinal and acute functional...

Abstract Background From a secondary prevention perspective, it is useful to know who is at greatest risk of progressing from substance initiation to riskier patterns of future use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between age at first use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and whether age of substance use onset is related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Context: Medical cannabis use has increased in recent years despite being a federally illegal drug in the United States. States with medical cannabis use laws require patients to be certified by physicians. However, little is known about the education, knowledge, and practice characteristics of physicians who recommend and supervise patients' use of medical cannabis. Objective: This study assessed how U.S. physicians who practice cannabis medicine are educated, self-assess their knowledge, and describe their practice. Methods: In fall 2017, a 57-item, electronic survey was sent to all members of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians. Because California has had legalized...

Abstract Objectives It has been previously demonstrated that healthcare professionals would like additional education on medical cannabis. However, there has not yet been a review of the status of medical cannabis curriculum for medical and allied healthcare trainees worldwide, even though future healthcare workers will be placed on the forefront of patient care and must be prepared to counsel patients. This study was designed to address this gap in knowledge. Design A search syntax was generated and databases PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. A grey literature search of Google Scholar, MedEd, Medline, and the Proquest Dissertations and Theses...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Introduction: There is widespread literature on the interaction between cannabis use and sleep, yet the mechanisms that underlie this relationship are not well understood. Several factors lead to inconsistencies in this relationship suggesting a nuanced interaction between cannabis and sleep. An important question that remains to be addressed is the temporal relationship between disrupted sleep and cannabis use. This literature review summarizes the existing literature on the association between disrupted sleep and cannabis toward the goal of addressing the question of the chronology of these reported effects. Materials and Methods: We conducted a review of the literature...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Objective:Acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration in humans (Lawn etal., 2016) and rats (Silveira, Adams, Morena, Hill, & Winstanley, 2016) has been associated with decreased effort allocation that may explain amotivation during acute cannabis intoxication. To date, however, whether residual effects of cannabis use on effort-based decision-making are present and observable in humans have not yet been determined. The goal of this study was to test whether prolonged cannabis use has residual effects on effort-based decision-making in 24-hr abstinent cannabis using adults. Method:We evaluated performance on the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT) in 41 adult cannabis users (mean age =...

Please use this link to access this publication. ABSTRACT Background: US epidemiologic data show that nearly one in 10 individuals aged 50+ report past-year cannabis use, and nearly one in five users report medical use. However, research on older cannabis users, especially medical cannabis users, is scant. Objectives: We examined medical and nonmedical cannabis users aged 50+ on health-related characteristics, cannabis use patterns, and cannabis sources. Hypotheses were that compared to nonmedical users, medical users are more likely to have physical and mental health problems, use healthcare services, discuss their drug use with a healthcare professional, use cannabis more frequently, and purchase cannabis from...

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is cannabis use assessed via urinary metabolites and self-report during preconception associated with fecundability, live birth and pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER Preconception cannabis use was associated with reduced fecundability among women with a history of pregnancy loss attempting pregnancy despite an increased frequency of intercourse. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cannabis use continues to rise despite limited evidence of safety during critical windows of pregnancy establishment. While existing studies suggest that self-reported cannabis use is not associated with fecundability, self-report may not be reliable. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was carried out including 1228 women followed for up to...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Introduction The relationship between cannabis use and hypertension is not clear based on prior epidemiological studies. Thus, we examined this relationship over a 3-year follow-up period using a large population-based sample from the USA. Methods Self-reported longitudinal data were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 1 (2001/2002) and Wave 2 (2004/2005). The sample was restricted to participants who did not report hypertension at baseline (n = 26 844; 51% 40 years and older, 51% female, 71% white). χ2-tests were used to examine the distributions of confounders stratified by the incidence of hypertension. Thereafter,...

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal subtype of glioma. Cannabis sativa is used for the treatment of various medical conditions. Around 150 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa, among them Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) that trigger GBM cell death. However, the optimal combinations of cannabis molecules for anti-GBM activity are unknown. Chemical composition was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Cytotoxic activity was determined by XTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and apoptosis and cell cycle by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). F-actin structures were observed by confocal microscopy, gene expression by quantitative PCR, and cell migration and...