Abstract Background Cannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant women despite concern that it may be linked to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Determining whether variables associated with cannabis use predict whether women continue or quit using during pregnancy may inform strategies to reduce prenatal use. Methods Pregnant women who regularly used cannabis before pregnancy (n = 296) were recruited via Facebook. After finding out they were pregnant, 41 % reported quitting, 13 % quit then relapsed, 32 % reduced use, and 15 % continued use at the same rate. Differences among these four cannabis use status groups (quit, relapsed, reduced, continued) in sociodemographics, cannabis use, cigarette use, perceived risk/benefit,...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Objective: Normative perceptions have been shown to mediate the effect of personality traits on cannabis outcomes. We examined descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of cannabis in college life as possible mediators of the association between impulsivity-related traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, perseverance, and premeditation) and cannabis outcomes (i.e., frequency of cannabis use and negative consequences) among college students from five countries. Method: A total of 1,175 college students (United States, n = 698; Argentina, n = 153; Spain, n = 178; Uruguay, n = 79; and Netherlands, n = 67) who were also cannabis users (i.e., reported cannabis use at...

Abstract Persistent inflammation occurs in people with HIV (PWH) and has many downstream adverse effects including myocardial infarction, neurocognitive impairment and death. Because the proportion of people with HIV who use cannabis is high and cannabis may be anti-inflammatory, it is important to characterize the impact of cannabis use on inflammation specifically in PWH. We performed a selective, non-exhaustive review of the literature on the effects of cannabis on inflammation in PWH. Research in this area suggests that cannabinoids are anti-inflammatory in the setting of HIV. Anti-inflammatory actions are mediated in many cases through effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the gut, and...

Abstract Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) are an emerging therapeutic option in the management of primary chronic pain, using the role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating central and peripheral pain processes. Despite promising preclinical data, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence to support the use of CBMPs for chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality-of-life outcomes of patients with chronic pain who were prescribed CBMP oil preparations (Adven, Curaleaf International, Guernsey, UK). This study is a case series of patients from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry, who were treated with CBMP oils for an indication of chronic pain. The primary...

Abstract Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) are an emerging therapeutic option in the management of primary chronic pain, using the role of the endocannabinoid system in modulating central and peripheral pain processes. Despite promising preclinical data, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence to support the use of CBMPs for chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality-of-life outcomes of patients with chronic pain who were prescribed CBMP oil preparations (Adven, Curaleaf International, Guernsey, UK). This study is a case series of patients from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry, who were treated with CBMP oils for an indication of chronic pain. The primary...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background and Objectives Recent observations indicate that cannabis use can result in cardiovascular complications including arrhythmias. We studied the relationship between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and arrhythmia hospitalization. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010–2014). Patients (age 15–54) with a primary diagnosis for arrhythmia (N = 570,556) were compared with non-arrhythmia (N = 67,662,082) inpatients for odds ratio (OR) of CUD by the logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics and comorbid risk factors. Results The incidence of CUD in arrhythmia inpatients was 2.6%. Among cannabis users, the most prevalent arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (42%), followed...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Cannabis is one of the most commonly and widely used psychoactive drugs. The rates of cannabis misuse have been increasing. Therefore, understanding the effects of cannabis use on the brain is important. Adolescent and adult rodents exposed to repeated administration of cannabinoids show persistent microstructural changes in the hippocampus both pre- and post-synaptically. Whether similar alterations exist in human cannabis users, has not yet been demonstrated in vivo. Positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]UCB-J, a radioligand for the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), were used to study hippocampal synaptic integrity in vivo in an equal...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Objective:Reduced motivation is often noted as a consequence of cannabis use. However, previous work has yielded mixed results and focused largely on adults. To address these limitations, this study examined longitudinal associations between cannabis use and self-reported motivation in a large adolescent sample. Method:Participants were 401 adolescents aged 14–17 at baseline who completed five bi-annual assessments. We assessed motivation at three timepoints using two self-report questionnaires: the Apathy Evaluation Scale and the Motivation and Engagement Scale (disengagement, persistence, planning, self-efficacy, and valuing school subscales). Controlling for relevant covariates, we used latent growth curve modeling to...

Abstract Objective To examine county level associations between the prevalence of medical and recreational cannabis stores (referred to as dispensaries) and opioid related mortality rates. Design Panel regression methods. Setting 812 counties in the United States in the 23 states that allowed legal forms of cannabis dispensaries to operate by the end of 2017. Participants The study used US mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention combined with US census data and data from Weedmaps.com on storefront dispensary operations. Data were analyzed at the county level by using panel regression methods. Main outcome measure The main outcome measures were the log transformed, age adjusted mortality rates...

Please use this link to access this publication. Abstract Background: Despite its extensive use, there is a paucity of research on consumption and purchasing patterns of cannabis, especially by modes of delivery. Objective: To assess the self-reported use and frequency of use of 12 different cannabis modes of delivery, their associated purchase sources, self-reported price, average consumption amount, and knowledge of THC and CBD levels. Methods: The Cannabis Purchase and Consumption Tool, an online survey, sampled Canadians 16-30 years old (N = 868) in October 2017. Final sample included participants reporting use of any mode of cannabis within the past 30-days (N = 185). Results: The most common modes...