Abstract Background and aims Mixed results have been reported on the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This study aimed to examine the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. Methods This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psych-INFO and Web of Science. The revised version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. Inverse variance weighted random-effects cumulative meta-analysis...

Please use this link to access this publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jnr.25136 Abstract Cannabis use among pregnant people has increased over the past decade. This is of concern as prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with cognitive, motor, and social deficits among offspring. Here, we examined resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the salience network (SN)—a core neurocognitive network that integrates emotional and sensory information—in children with (vs. without) PCE. Using neuroimaging and developmental history data collected from 10,719 children (M ± SD = 9.92 ± 0.62 years; 47.9% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we assessed the impact of parent-reported PCE (before or after knowledge of pregnancy) on rsFC within and between the...

Please use this link to access this publication: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02315-1 Abstract Background Cannabis is often used by women to manage symptoms of morning sickness during pregnancy, and postpartum stress and anxiety. While exclusive breastfeeding has been recommended for the first 6 months of an infant’s life, the presence of cannabinoids in the milk of cannabis users complicates this recommendation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal cannabis use on changes in the levels of macronutrients and bioactive factors in breast milk. Methods Milk was collected from women who were 6–8 weeks postpartum and were either using cannabis post-delivery, had used cannabis...

Abstract Cannabis use during pregnancy is becoming increasingly common despite a lack of knowledge regarding its long-term effects on developing offspring. Determining effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on cannabis use later in life has been especially difficult given the problems inherent to traditional models of cannabinoid self-administration. Thus, we adopted a model of response-contingent cannabis vapor delivery in pregnant rat dams to investigate impacts of maternal cannabis use on reinforcing properties of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich cannabis vapor in offspring. Rat dams were trained to self-administer a vaporized cannabis extract or vehicle vapor in 1-hr sessions twice daily until 24-48 hr prior to parturition, while a third group...

Please use this link to access this publication: https://journals.lww.com/obgynsurvey/abstract/2023/07000/cannabis_and_pregnancy__a_review.18.aspx Abstract Importance  Prenatal cannabis use is rising and is a major public health issue. Cannabis use in pregnancy and during lactation has been associated with increased maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality. Objective  This review aims to summarize the existing literature and current recommendations for cannabis use during pregnancy or lactation. Evidence Acquisition  A PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar literature search using the following terms was performed to gather relevant data: “cannabis,” “cannabinoid,” “delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol,” “THC,” “cannabidiol,” “fetal outcomes,” “perinatal outcomes,” “pregnancy,” and “lactation.” Results  Available studies on cannabis use in pregnancy and during lactation were...

Please use this link to access this publication: https://journals.lww.com/journaladdictionmedicine/abstract/2023/05000/impact_of_prenatal_cannabis_use_disorder_on.20.aspx Abstract Objectives  With legislative changes to cannabis legalization and increasing prevalence of use, cannabis is the most commonly used federally illicit drug in pregnancy. Our study aims to assess the perinatal outcomes associated with prenatal cannabis use disorder. Methods  We conducted a retrospective cohort study using California linked hospital discharge-vital statistics data and included singleton, nonanomalous births occurring between 23 and 42 weeks of gestational age. χ2 Test and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Results  A total of 2,380,446 patients were included, and 9144 (0.38%) were identified as using cannabis during pregnancy. There was...

Abstract   Background and Aims: Cannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant individuals and might be a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We aimed to test whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.   Setting: The study was conducted in California, USA. Participants: A total of 58 114 pregnancies (with outcomes from 5 March 2020 to 30 September 2021) among 57 287 unique pregnant women aged 14–54 years who were screened for prenatal substance use, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (a health-care...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transfer of delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites into human breast milk after maternal inhalation of 0.1 g cannabis containing 23.18% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. METHODS: In this pilot pharmacokinetic study, breast milk samples were collected from mothers who regularly consumed cannabis, were 2–5 months postpartum, and exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Women were anonymously recruited for the study. After discontinuing cannabis for at least 24 hours, they were directed to obtain a baseline breast milk sample, then smoke a preweighed, analyzed, standardized strain of cannabis from one preselected dispensary, and collect breast milk samples at specific time points: 20 minutes and 1, 2, and...

Abstract Cannabinoids are the most commonly abused illicit drugs worldwide. While cannabis can be beneficial for certain heath conditions, abuse of potent synthetic cannabinoids has been on the rise. Exposure to cannabinoids is also prevalent in women of child-bearing age and pregnant women. These compounds can cross the placental barrier and directly affect the fetus. They mediate their effects primarily through G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. In addition to significant neurological effects, cannabinoids can trigger robust immunomodulation by altering cytokine levels, causing apoptosis of lymphoid cells and inducing suppressor cells of the immune system. Profound effects of cannabinoids on the immune system...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 26.3% of women reported previous use of cannabis and 2.6% reported current use. Multivariate analysis, controlling for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of other illicit drugs, showed that cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.2), preterm labor (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), small for gestational age (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8–2.7), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7–2.4)....